Echinacea supports the immune system and is a common ingredient in cold remedies. Apart from boosting the immune system, it also reduces symptoms of infections and other illnesses, including the common cold.
Echinacea contains a complex mix of active substances. Some of these compounds may have antimicrobial and antiviral properties, while others may support the immune system in other ways.
Like many other plants, all types of Echinacea contain phenols. Phenols control the activity of a range of enzymes and cell receptors. They protect the plants from infections and ultraviolet radiation damage, and they may have beneficial antioxidant properties.
Echinacea is most commonly used for:
- coughs and colds
- bronchitis
- upper respiratory infections
- gingivitis
- influenza
- canker sores
- yeast infections
- ear infections
- vaginitis
- some inflammatory conditions
- HIV
- AIDS
- Wound healing
Side effects
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) note that taking Echinacea by mouth for a short time is probably safe, but the effects of long-term use are unclear.
Some people have developed a rash after using it, which may result from an allergic reaction. This is more likely to happen in a person with a history of allergic reactions.
The NIH also note that the risk of other medications interacting with Echinacea is probably low.